Eating non-food objects can interfere with eating healthy, nutrient rich foods, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies (e.g., iron deficiency).Certain items, such as paint chips, may contain lead or other toxic substances and eating them can lead to poisoning, increasing the child’s risk of complications including learning disabilities and brain damage.In Handbook of DSM-5 Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pp. There are a whole range of different medical and psychological complications associated with pica eating and pica syndrome 7 Hartmann, A. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(2), 238-248. Pica and rumination behavior among individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders or obesity. Only 1.3% of people seeking treatment for an eating disorder exhibit pica-like behaviors 6 Delaney, C.Pica practices of pregnant women are associated with lower maternal hemoglobin level at delivery 5 J Am Diet Assoc. pregnant women may engage in pica eating Rainville AJ. Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (9th ed.). “Chapter 44: Feeding and eating disorders of infancy and early childhood”. In institutionalized children with mental retardation, pica occurs in 10–33% 4 Chatoor, I (2009).Around 25% of adults with an intellectual disability suffered from pica 3 Danford DE, Huber AM (1982).International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. “A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of pica during pregnancy and the postpartum period”. Pica is most prevalent geographically in Africa, with an estimated prevalence of 44.8%, followed by North and South America (23.0%) and Eurasia (17.5%) 2 Fawcett, Emily J.Rates of pica varies widely across diverse social and clinical contexts and appears to be higher among select populations that include pregnant women, children, and adults with iron deficiencies.Īlthough it is very difficult to obtain accurate data on the prevalence of pica, some key statistics include: For people who currently have a medical condition (e.g., pregnancy) or a mental disorder (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) the action of eating non-nutritive non-foods should only be considered pica if it is dangerous and requires extra medical investigation on top of what they are already receiving for their pre-existing condition.
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